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Home Cetera Advisors Disclosures Revenue Cetera Advisors LLC Receives from Registered and Alternative Product Sponsors

Revenue Cetera Advisors LLC Receives from Registered and Alternative Product Sponsors

Last updated: 2022-07


As an investor, it is important to have a well-thought-out investment plan to meet your investment goals. It is also important to understand the various types of compensation and fees associated with your investments and the conflicts of interest that Cetera Advisors LLC (Cetera Advisors) and your financial professional have when offering and recommending investments to you. This document is intended to help you understand the various forms of revenue Cetera Advisors and your financial professional receive when you purchase a mutual fund, exchange-traded product (ETPs), registered insurance products (includes variable life insurance as well as variable and equity‑indexed annuities), alternative products, 529 college savings plan (529 plan), direct participation program, or a non-traded real estate investment trust (collectively, Products).

The various forms of revenue we receive in connection with your investment in a Product create conflicts of interest, and it is important for you to assess these conflicts before making an investment decision. Notwithstanding the information contained in this document, it is important that you read the written prospectus, if any, for any type of product discussed herein. The written prospectus will not only discuss costs and fees associated with an investment, and how the firm, Cetera Advisors, is compensated, but it will detail how the costs/fees may affect your investment returns, as well as the risks and liquidity issues concerning the Product under consideration. The compensation described below is an additional source of revenue to Cetera Advisors, and therefore, creates conflicts between your interest and ours. For a more comprehensive description of the fees and compensation we receive in connection with the different types of Products we offer, please review the Regulation Best Interest supplemental disclosure document (Reg. BI Disclosure).

Revenue We Receive from Product Sponsors and the Strategic Partners Program

Although Cetera Advisors offers thousands of mutual funds from more than 250 mutual fund companies, and hundreds of registered life and annuity contracts from more than 100 insurance companies, we concentrate our marketing and training efforts on those investments offered by a much smaller number of select and well-known companies (Strategic Partners). Strategic Partners are selected, in part, based on the competitiveness of their products, their technology, their customer service and their training capabilities. Strategic Partners have more opportunities than other companies to market and educate our financial professionals on investments and the products they offer. For the most current list of our Strategic Partners, which is updated from time to time, please see Strategic Partners.

Our Strategic Partners provide revenue sharing payments (i.e., additional compensation) to Cetera Advisors and/or its affiliates in addition to the usual product compensation described in the prospectus. These additional revenue sharing amounts vary from one Strategic Partner to another and from year-to-year. Some Strategic Partners pay us: (1) a sales-based fee of up to 50 basis points (0.50%), of your total purchase amount of a mutual fund or registered insurance product. So, for example, if you invest $10,000 in a mutual fund, Cetera Advisors could be paid up to $50 from a Strategic Partner that it would not receive from a non-strategic partner. Some Strategic Partners pay us: (2) an asset-based quarterly payment or additional quarterly payment based on the assets you hold in the fund or registered insurance product over a period of time of up to 15 basis points (0.15%) per year. For example, on a holding of $10,000, Cetera Advisors could receive up to $15 per year. Some Strategic Partners pay us: (3) a flat fee regardless of the amount of new sales or assets held in client accounts. Additionally, we receive reimbursements for ticket charge payments as referenced below.

Strategic Partner payments are an additional source of revenue to Cetera Advisors. You do not make these payments. Strategic Partners pay us out of their own assets, revenues, or earnings. To the extent that we receive additional payments from Strategic Partners of the types described above, we have an incentive to recommend that you purchase or maintain investment products sponsored by Strategic Partners instead of other product sponsors, and this incentive creates a conflict between your interest and ours. We retain these payments and do not share them with your financial professional. Whenever we absorb the ticket charge associated with a Strategic Partner that the financial professional would have otherwise had to pay, this is a conflict of interest between your financial professional and you because he or she has a financial incentive to recommend a Strategic Partner product over a product from a sponsor that is not a Strategic Partner.

Conflicts of Interest in Receiving Revenue Sharing from Strategic Partners

A conflict of interest exists because Cetera Advisors is paid more revenue sharing fees if you purchase one type of Product instead of another and/or you purchase a Product from one particular sponsor instead of another. This creates an incentive for us to recommend that you purchase or maintain investments sponsored by Strategic Partners or other product sponsors that make revenue-sharing payments to us. Your financial professional does not receive any portion of revenue sharing payments from Strategic Partner payments noted above or other Product sponsors described below, however your financial professional benefits indirectly when such payments support costs relating to product review, marketing or training, or for waiver of ticket charges, as described below. As a result, both we and your financial professional have an incentive to recommend that you purchase or hold investments sponsored by companies that make revenue-sharing payments to us instead of those that do not. This creates a conflict between your interest and ours.

Mutual Fund Ticket Charges

When you purchase a mutual fund of a Strategic Partner in a Pershing brokerage account, Cetera Advisors may absorb the cost of the “ticket charge” (sometimes referred to as a transaction charge) for each transaction up to approximately $30 that normally you or your financial professional would pay. Strategic Partners subsidize some of these ticket charges through the compensation mentioned above or by paying us a per trade fee that varies by brokerage platform. The ticket charge waiver varies depending on the particular Strategic Partner. In general, the ticket charge will be waived for the purchase of certain mutual funds in an amount of $2,500 or more. Every mutual fund offered by Cetera Advisors can be purchased without a ticket charge by processing the transaction with a check and application sent directly to the mutual fund company. The fact that Strategic Partner firms reimburse us for all or a portion of the ticket charges applicable to transactions creates an incentive for us to recommend that you purchase mutual funds offered by Strategic Partners over those of other mutual fund sponsors, and therefore creates a conflict between your interest and ours.

Pershing Relationship

Pershing is the clearing firm for Cetera Advisors brokerage business. Due to this business relationship, Pershing shares with us a portion of the commissions and fees you pay to Pershing. Also, Pershing offers consulting and other assistance to Cetera Advisors. We also participate in other revenue Pershing is paid on the assets held in your account. The following is a brief description of some of the revenue items the firm receives from Pershing.

Pershing receives revenue from money market funds available to certain brokerage accounts as cash sweeps and shares that revenue with Cetera Advisors. Cetera Advisors shares some of the revenue received from Pershing with your financial professional.

Additionally, Pershing also pays us a share of the service fees it receives from mutual fund companies that participate in Pershing FUNDVEST® no-transaction-fee program. Under the FUNDVEST® program, many no-load mutual funds are available for purchase subject to program requirements and other restrictions. To the extent we receive payments from Pershing with respect to any of these activities or services, we have an incentive to recommend you utilize them instead of other alternatives, which creates a conflict between your interest and ours. Additionally, whenever a financial professional would otherwise pay a mutual fund ticket charge, the financial professional has an incentive to use a FUNDVEST® fund, which creates a conflict between your interest and the financial professional's.

Exchange-Traded Products Partner Program

Cetera Advisors' ETP partner program (ETP Partner Program) has similar features to the Firm's Strategic Partner Program for mutual funds as described above. For the most current list of our ETP Partners, which is updated from time to time, please see Exchange-Traded Partners or call your financial professional.

Although we offer thousands of ETPs, we concentrate our marketing and training efforts on those investments offered by ETP Partners. An ETP Partner is selected, in part, based on the competitiveness of its products, its technology, its customer service and its training capabilities. An ETP Partner has greater exposure to our financial professionals (e.g., at conferences), and more opportunities to market and educate our financial professionals on investments and the products they offer.

ETP Partners provide revenue sharing payments (i.e., additional compensation) to us and/or our affiliates in addition to any compensation described in the ETP prospectus. These additional amounts vary from one ETP Partner to another and from year-to-year. ETP Partners pay us as follows: (1) the greater of an annual flat fee (e.g., $500,000) regardless of the amount of new sales or assets held in client accounts(s) or up to 0.25% of the ETP’s net expense ratio (as set forth in the prospectus or supplement) of your investment's average daily balance during the quarter (for example, if 0.25% of the ETP’s next expense ratio does not exceed $500,000 we would still be paid $500,000); or (2) up to 7 basis points on all assets under management (for example, for each $10,000 average quarterly daily balance of an ETP Partner's total assets under management held by our clients, we would be paid up to $7 on an annual basis).

These payments constitute additional revenue to us. These payments are paid by the ETP Partner and/or their affiliates out of the assets or earnings of the ETP Partner or their affiliates.

Conflicts of Interest in Receiving Revenue Sharing from ETP Partners

A conflict of interest exists because Cetera Advisors is paid more revenue sharing fees if you purchase one type of ETP Partner Product instead of another and/or you purchase a product from one particular sponsor instead of another. Your financial professional does not receive any portion of revenue sharing payments from ETP Partner payments noted above or other Product sponsors described below, however your financial professional benefits indirectly when such payments support costs relating to product review, marketing or training, or for waiver of ticket charges, as described below.

ETP Ticket Charges

When you purchase an ETP Partner product in a Pershing brokerage account, Cetera Advisors absorbs the ticket charge for each transaction, up to approximately $30 that normally you or your financial professional would pay. The ticket charge waiver varies depending on the particular ETP Partner. In general, the ticket charge will be waived for the purchase of ETP Partner products in an amount of $2,500 or more. Whenever we absorb the ticket charge associated with an ETP Partner that the financial professional would have otherwise had to pay, this is a conflict of interest between your financial professional and you because he or she has a financial incentive to recommend an ETP Partner Product over a product from a sponsor that is not an ETP Partner.

Direct Participation Programs and Alternative Investment Products

Cetera Advisors, through its financial professionals, offers its clients a wide variety of direct participation programs and alternative investment products including: interval funds; non-listed real estate investment trusts; limited partnerships; 1031 exchange programs; business development companies; and oil and gas programs (collectively, Alternative Investment Products). In addition to commissions Cetera Advisors receives from the sale of Alternative Investment Products, we receive marketing allowance payments from sponsors of Alternative Investment Products. While this additional compensation and the arrangements we have varies with each sponsor of an Alternative Investment Product, some sponsors pay a marketing allowance fee of (i) up to 25 basis points (0.25%) annually on assets held in the Alternative Product or (ii) up to 150 basis points (1.50%) on the gross amount of each sale, depending on the product. These payments are an additional source of revenue to Cetera Advisors. You do not make these payments. They are paid by the product sponsor out of the assets or earnings of the product sponsor.

It is important to note that you do not pay more to purchase Alternative Investment Products through us than you would pay to purchase those products through another broker-dealer, and your financial professional does not receive additional compensation for selling Alternative Investment Products from sponsors that pay us such additional compensation.

A conflict of interest exists in that Cetera Advisors is paid more revenue sharing fees if you purchase one type of product instead of another and/or you purchase a product from one particular sponsor instead of another. Your financial professional also indirectly benefits from these sponsor payments when the money is used to support costs relating to product review, marketing or training. This creates an incentive for us to recommend that you purchase or maintain an Alternative Investment Product instead of one that does not pay us similar compensation, which creates a conflict between your interests and ours.

For a current list of the Alternative Product sponsors that pay us additional compensation, please see Alternative Investment Companies.

Training and Education Compensation

Cetera Advisors and its financial professionals also receive additional compensation from mutual fund and insurance companies, including Strategic Partners, and issuers of Alternative Investment Products, that is not related to individual transactions or assets held in accounts. This money is paid, in accordance with regulatory rules, to offset up to 100% of the costs of training and education of our financial professionals and employees. In some instances, mutual fund and insurance companies and issuers of Alternative Investment Products pay a flat fee in order to participate in a Cetera Advisors training and educational meetings. These meetings or events provide our financial professionals with comprehensive information on products, sales materials, customer support services, industry trends, practice management education, and sales ideas.

It is important to note that due to the number of mutual funds, ETPs, registered insurance products, and Alternative Investment Products that Cetera Advisors offers, not all product sponsors have the opportunity to participate in these training and educational events. In general, our Strategic Partners, ETP Partners, and Alternative Investment Product sponsors have greater access to participation in these events and therefore greater access to, and opportunity to build relationships with, our financial professionals.

Some of the training and educational meetings for which we or our financial professionals receive reimbursement of costs include client attendance. If you attend a training or educational meeting with your financial professional and a product sponsor is present, you should assume that the product sponsor has paid for all or a portion of the costs of the meeting or event.

Other Cash and Non-Cash Compensation

In addition to reimbursement of training and educational meeting costs, Cetera Advisors and its financial professionals receive promotional items, meals or entertainment or other non-cash compensation from representatives of mutual fund companies, insurance companies, and Alternative Investment Products, as permitted by regulatory rules. Additionally, sales of any mutual funds, registered insurance products, ETP Products and Alternative Investment Products, whether or not they are those of Strategic Partners, may qualify our financial professionals for additional business support and for attendance at seminars, conferences and entertainment events. Further, some of our home-office management and certain other employees receive a portion of their employment compensation based on sales of products of Strategic Partners, ETP Partners and/or certain sponsors of Alternative Investment Products. Our receipt of cash and non-cash compensation creates a conflict between your interests and ours.

Retirement Strategic Partners Program

Cetera Advisors also receives certain revenue sharing payments from third-party firms, including plan recordkeeping platforms as well as investment managers of mutual funds and the issuers of annuities that offer products to certain tax-qualified retirement plans such as Section 401(k), 403(b), and other employer-sponsored retirement plans (each a Retirement Partner). Retirement Partners participate in activities that are designed to help facilitate the distribution of their products and services, such as marketing activities and educational programs, including attendance at conferences and presentations to Cetera Advisors' financial professionals. These revenue sharing payments are in the form of a fixed dollar amount that does not depend on the amount of the Plan's investment in any product or utilization of any Retirement Partner's services. Retirement Partners also pay Cetera Advisors' expenses, or provide non-cash items and services, to facilitate training and educational meetings for the Cetera Advisors' financial professionals, which similarly do not depend on the amount of the Plan's investment in any product or utilization of any Retirement Partners' services. Your financial professional does not receive additional compensation for selling or recommending a Retirement Partner product or service. Your financial professional does indirectly benefit from these sponsor payments when they are used to support costs relating to product review, marketing or training. However, the fact that we receive compensation from Retirement Partners creates an incentive for us to recommend that you purchase products or services from them instead of other providers who do not make similar payments to us, which creates a conflict between your interests and ours. For a list of our current Retirement Partners, please see Retirement Partners.

529 Plans

A Section 529 plan is a college savings plan that allows individuals to save for college or other qualified education expenses on a tax-advantaged basis. Every state offers at least one Section 529 plan.

If you purchase a 529 plan through us, we receive compensation from the program sponsor in much the same manner as when you purchase mutual funds. In addition to commission-based compensation for sales of 529 plans, 529 plan assets are included in the amount of total mutual fund assets for which revenue sharing is paid as described above. Cetera Advisors does not separately account for these payments and does not have any 529 Plan Strategic Partners.

Additional Information

For additional information on revenue sharing, brokerage fees, and transaction charges, please refer to Reg. BI Disclosure.

For additional information on the investment advisory services we or our related entities perform and the compensation we or our related entities receive when performing these services for your accounts, as well as any related conflicts of interest, please refer to our Reg. BI Disclosure and Form ADV Part 2A Brochure. If you have any questions about any portion of this document, please feel free to discuss them with your financial professional or call 888.406.2444.

Cetera Advisors | Additional Information About Cetera Advisors

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Additional Information About Cetera Advisors

Cetera Advisors LLC (Cetera Advisors) is a FINRA registered securities broker-dealer and SEC registered investment adviser registered in all 50 states. This website is published in the United States for residents of the United States. Cetera Advisors is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). Products and services mentioned in this website may not be available in all states. To request a prospectus or information, contact your Cetera Advisors investment professional. Cetera Advisors is not soliciting business in international jurisdictions where it is not registered.

We would be glad to put you in touch with a Cetera Advisors office in your area that will be able to assist you directly. If you would like further information, please contact us. Cetera Advisors looks forward to assisting you.

The information and opinions on this site provided by third parties have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Third party information and opinion is given for informational purposes only and is not a solicitation to buy or sell. The information is not intended to be used as the primary basis for investment decisions, nor should it be considered as advice designed to meet the specific needs of an individual investor. Please seek the advice of professionals, as appropriate, regarding the evaluation of any specific information, opinion, advice, or other content.

Individuals affiliated with Cetera Advisors are either registered representatives who offer only brokerage services and receive transaction-based compensation (commissions), investment adviser representatives who offer only investment advisory services and receive fees based on assets, or both registered representatives and investment adviser representatives, who can offer both types of services. Information about Cetera Advisors advisory services and the compensation it receives for such services can be obtained by asking a Cetera Advisors representative for a copy of Cetera Advisors’ disclosure brochure or Form ADV Part 2.

CETERA ADVISORS LLC OR ITS AFFILIATES OR DIVISIONS ARE NOT BANKS OR CREDIT UNIONS, AND THE INVESTMENT PRODUCTS WE OFFER ARE NOT FEDERALLY GUARANTEED OR FDIC INSURED, ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED BY A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, AND INVOLVE RISKS INCLUDING POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL AND FLUCTUATION IN VALUE..

Linked sites are not under the control of Cetera Advisors and we are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site, or any changes or updates to such sites. Linked sites may contain rules and regulations, privacy provisions, confidentiality provisions, transmission of personal data provisions, and other provisions that differ from the provisions of this website.

For information on Cetera Advisors’ routing of nondirected orders in equity and option securities, please refer to the following links:

Securities offered through Cetera Advisors LLC, member FINRA/SIPC.

Cetera Advisors | Cetera Custody Services

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Cetera Custody Services

Cetera Investment Services LLC offers the highest quality service through our team of qualified and knowledgeable employees. Founded in 1984, Cetera Investment Services is an experienced, self-clearing broker-dealer serving the clients of over 500 financial institutions, as well as clients of independent financial advisors, in all 50 states. Cetera Investment Services was granted custodial powers in 1993 from the IRS and currently custodies IRA assets for over 140,000 customers with a market value in excess of $14 billion.

Cetera Investment Services has entered into an arrangement with Pershing, LLC, to act as a third-party custodian for certain IRA types. As a custodian, Cetera Investment Services is responsible for the following duties:

In addition, some of the other benefits of having Cetera Investment Services as the custodian include:

  • Technical expertise relating to account administration, including contributions and distributions
  • Knowledgeable and supportive IRA staff—over 50 years of combined experience
  • Worry-free client communications

In this relationship, Pershing will hold securities, collect principal, interest and dividend payments on IRAs, as well as generate tax reporting on behalf of Cetera Investment Services.

Cetera Investment Services LLC is a member of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC).

Fed-O-Meter | The Metrics Behind the Meter

Fed-O-Meter

The Metrics Behind the Meter

Home Fed-O-Meter Metrics Behind the Meter
Crunch the Numbers

The Metrics Behind the Meter

The Federal Reserve (Fed) helps promote a strong economy through its dual mandate of maintaining both price stability and maximum sustainable employment. The Fed has translated these broad concepts into specific longer-run goals and strategies to set monetary policy. We evaluate the direction of eight variables we feel best represent this dual mandate, along with four financial-market related variables, in order to gauge whether the Fed is likely to alter their current monetary policy. The grayer the data in the table, the more it contributes to the likelihood the Fed will be more dovish (keeping interest rates low to stimulate the economy), while the more purple the data, the more it contributes to their taking a more hawkish stance (raising interest rates to slow the economy).

Indicator
Trend
Employment
Inflation
Market
Monthly Jobs Growth (Thousands)
Unemployment Rate
Initial Jobless Claims (4-Wk Avg., Thousands)
Labor Force Participation Rate (25-54 Yrs.)
 
Consumer Price Index (CPI) - YoY Change
Core CPI (ex. Food and Energy) - YoY Change
Producer Price Index (PPI) - YoY Change
Average Hourly Earnings - YoY Change
 
Treasury Yield Curve (10 Yr. Minus 2 Yr.)
Volatility Index (VIX)
Copper ($ per metric ton)
Baltic Dry Index
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug  
240 44 261 323 111 102 120 158 19 -13 79 22  
4.1% 4.1% 4.2% 4.1% 4.0% 4.1% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3%  
225 236 219 222 214 226 223 226 235 241 221 231  
83.8% 83.5% 83.5% 83.4% 83.5% 83.5% 83.3% 83.6% 83.4% 83.5% 83.4% 83.7%  
                         
2.4% 2.6% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 2.8% 2.4% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.7% 2.9%  
3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.3% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8% 2.9% 3.1% 3.1%  
2.1% 2.8% 2.9% 3.5% 3.8% 3.4% 3.2% 2.5% 2.8% 2.4% 3.1% 2.6%  
3.9% 4.1% 4.2% 4.0% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 3.7% 3.9% 3.7%  
                        9/17
0.15% 0.12% 0.05% 0.33% 0.36% 0.25% 0.34% 0.57% 0.52% 0.52% 0.43% 0.64% 0.52%
17.7 20.0 16.0 15.9 16.8 17.0 21.8 32.0 20.5 18.4 16.4 15.8 15.7
9,767 9,427 8,879 8,706 8,950 9,364 9,673 9,195 9,623 10,040 9,606 9,805 9,894
2,084 1,388 1,354 997 735 1,229 1,489 1,386 1,418 1,489 2,003 2,025 2,180
 
Data is Weakening
Data is Strengthening
Published September 18, 2025

Sources and Notes: Cetera Investment Management, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, FactSet, Morningstar, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Monthly Jobs Growth, Unemployment Rate, Labor Force Participation Rate, Consumer Price Index, Core CPI, Producer Price Index, Average Hourly Earnings), U.S. Employment and Training Administration (Initial Jobless Claims), Treasury Department (Treasury Yield Curve), Chicago Board Options Exchange (Volatility Index), LME (Copper), The Baltic Exchange (Baltic Dry Index). The color purple indicates the data is strengthening and gray indicates the data is weakening. The Fed-O-Meter is the opinion of Cetera Investment Management based on interpreting the data in relation to the Federal Reserve's public statements and official releases. It is meant for discussion purposes only.

 

Glossary

Monthly jobs growth that is consistently strong while pushing total employment closer to the pre-pandemic peak is hawkish (less need for the Fed to stimulate the economy), whereas weak employment growth is dovish because it is a sign of weakening demand for labor in the economy.

An unemployment rate that is falling and approaching pre-pandemic levels (under 4%) is hawkish because it signals the labor market is nearing the Fed's goal of maximum employment. A rising unemployment rate is dovish because the economy likely needs additional monetary stimulus to spur economic growth.

Initial jobless claims that are trending lower is hawkish because fewer people are losing their jobs, pointing to a healthy labor market and a lower need for the Fed to keep interest rates low. A rise in initial jobless claims is dovish because it is a sign the economy is weakening, and a precursor to higher unemployment (more need for Fed to provide monetary stimulus).

Labor force participation of the working age population (25-54 yrs.) is an indicator that shows the breadth of the labor market recovery. It is hawkish when it rises because more people are participating in the labor force (less need for Fed support) and dovish when it is trending lower (a sign the economy needs Fed support).

A rising Consumer Price Index (CPI) signals inflationary pressure for consumer goods and services. Low or falling consumer price growth is dovish because the economy needs stimulus to reach stable and moderate inflation, whereas persistently higher consumer price growth is hawkish because there is an increased need for the Fed to raise interest rates to stabilize inflation.

Core CPI is the consumer price index excluding food and energy because their price fluctuations can be volatile. Low or falling core consumer price growth is dovish because the economy needs stimulus to reach stable and moderate inflation, whereas persistently higher core consumer price growth is hawkish because there is an increased need for the Fed to raise interest rates to stabilize inflation.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures inflation using input costs for producers. Low or falling PPI growth is dovish because weaker input costs for producers place less inflationary pressure on consumer price growth (goal of the Fed is moderate inflation). Rising or elevated PPI often gets passed to the consumer with higher prices and that is hawkish because there is an increased need for the Fed to raise interest rates to stabilize inflation.

Wage growth is measured as the change in average hourly earnings over the last 12 months. Low or stable wage growth is dovish and rising or elevated wage growth is hawkish because it can put upward pressure on consumer prices, which increases the likelihood of the Fed raising rates.

The Treasury Yield Curve measures the yield difference between the 10-year and 2-year Treasury yield. If the yield gap is declining, the bond market is projecting a weaker outlook for economic growth and inflation which is dovish. A widening yield curve is indicative of higher economic growth and inflation prospects from bond investors which is hawkish because an overheating economy and rising inflation can result in the Fed raising interest rates.

The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) is a measure of stock market volatility based on options pricing. A rise in the VIX could signal that equity markets anticipate a more hawkish Fed, driving market volatility higher. A declining VIX can signal less concern from equity investors about a near-term rise in interest rates.

The price of copper is viewed as a proxy for the strength of the economy. While the Fed wouldn't raise rates directly because of copper prices, they are more likely to become more hawkish if the economy is overheating and more likely to be more dovish if the economy is weakening.

The Baltic Dry Index measures the cost to ship industrial materials and is viewed as a barometer for future economic growth prospects. It is hawkish if the Baltic Dry Index is high and rising because it means the economy is strong and inflationary pressures are increasing from higher shipping costs. It is dovish if the Baltic Dry Index is falling because the outlook for economic growth is easing and shipping costs are declining (lower inflation risk).

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